Socialism and Communism

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-258) and index.; The story of socialism and communism is a saga of idealism and cynicism, revolution and repression, power and powerlessness. The entire political and economic history of the modern era is contained in this account, forming a detailed and lively panorama. The world is still grappling with age-old questions regarding governance, equality, justice, and freedom. As this enthralling text details so vividly, socialism and communism attempted to answer these questions definitively. In that they failed, but in doing so, they highlighted the importance of the questions themselves and of the ordinary people whose lives hang in the balance, waiting for answers. Table of Contents: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Socialism -- Origins -- Utopian Socialism -- Other Early Socialists -- Marxian Socialism -- Other Types of Communism -- Revisionism and Revolution -- Socialism in the Era of World War -- Postwar Socialism -- Socialism After Communism -- Chapter 2. Communism -- Historical Background -- Marxian Communism -- Historical Materialism -- Critique of Capitalism -- Revolution and Communism -- Friedrich Engels -- Revisionism -- Bolshevism: Lenin's Revolutionary Commmunism -- The Russian Revolution -- Stalinism -- Chinese Communism -- Non-Marxian Communism -- Chapter 3. Communism in the Soviet Union -- The Russian Revolution -- Late Tsarist Russia -- The February Revolution -- The Bolshevik Coup -- The Bolshevik Dictatorship -- Empress Alexandra -- Lenin's Disillusionment -- The Struggle for Succession -- The Stalin Era -- Role in World War II -- Last Years -- The Krushchev Era -- The Transition -- Last Years -- The Brezhnev Era -- Collective Leadership -- Brezhnev and Soviet Culture -- Nationality Policy -- The Interregnum: Andropov and Chernenko -- Yury Vladimirovich Andropov -- The Gorbachev Era -- Gorbachev's Succession -- Economic and Social Reforms -- Political Restructuring -- Economic Policy -- Foreign Policy -- The Attempted Coup -- Chapter 4. Communism in the Eastern Bloc -- Communism in East Germany -- Allied Occupation and the Formation of the Two Germanys, 1945-49 -- NUrnberg Trials -- Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany -- Formation of the German Democratic Republic -- Political Consolidation and Economic Growth, 1949-69 -- Ostpolitik and Reconciliation, 1969-89 -- The Reunification of Germany -- The Berlin Wall -- Communist Poland -- Pope John Paul II -- Communism in the Balkans -- Questions of Federation -- Establishing the Power of the Party -- Pulling Back from Moscow -- Economic Collapse and Nationalist Resurgence -- Chapter 5. Communism in China -- Riots and Protests -- The Chinese Communist Party -- Communist-Nationalist Cooperation -- Reactions to Warlords and Foreigners -- The Nationalist Government from 1928 to 1937 -- Japanese Aggression -- The Sino-Japenese War -- Civil War (1945-49) -- A Race for Territory -- Attempts to End the War -- Resumption of Fighting -- The Decisive Year, 1948 -- Communist Victory -- Establishment of the People's Republic -- Mao Zedong -- Early Years -- The Transition to Socialism -- Political Developments -- New Directions in National Policy, 1958-61 -- Readjustment and Reaction, 1961-65 -- The Cultural Revolution, 1966-76 -- China After the Death of Mao -- International Relations -- Chapter 6. Communism in Southeast Asia -- Patterns of a Colonial Age -- Struggle for Independence -- Defining New States and Societies -- Reappearance of Regional Interests -- Movements of National Liberation in Vietnam -- Modern Nationalism -- Vietnamese Communism -- World War II and Independence -- Ho Chi Minh -- The First Indochina War -- The Two Vietnams (1954-65) -- The Second Indochina War -- Growing U. S. Involvement in the War -- Withdrawal of U. S. Troops -- Reunification and Early Challenges -- Vietnam Since c. 1990 -- Communism in Cambodia -- French Rule -- World War II and Its Aftermath -- Independence -- Civil War -- Democratic Kampuchea -- Vietnamese Intervention -- Cambodia Since 1990 -- Chapter 7. Communism in Latin America -- Good Neighbor Polity and World War II -- Economic Agenda and Patterns of Growth -- Developments in Social Policy -- The United States and Latin America in the Cold War Era -- Impact of the Cuban Revolution -- Fidel Castro -- Hugo Chavez and New Socialism -- Movement Toward Democracy -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index. Contributor Bio:  Murphy, John John Murphy, founder of the worldwide Interbrand brand consultancy organization, is one of the world's leading experts on the theory and practice of branding. He has handled major brand consultancy assignments for companies in the U. S., U. K., Europe, and Australia.